There are several factors that increase the risk of developing periodontal disease:

* Studies have shown that PEOPLE WHO SMOKE OR CHEW TOBACCO are more likely to have periodontal diseases. Tobacco users are much more likely than nonusers to form plaque and tartar on their teeth. They also are more likely to have deeper pockets between their teeth and gums and greater loss of bone and tissue that support teeth. Gum treatment is also less successful in patients who continue to smoke.

* Systemic disease, such as diabetes, blood cell disorders, HIV infections, and AIDS can lower the body’s resistance to infection, making periodontal diseases more severe. (Systemic diseases are those diseases that can affect the body as a whole.)

* Many medications – such as steroids, some types of anti-epilepsy drugs, cancer therapy drugs, blood pressure drugs and oral contraceptives – can affect the gums. Some medications have side effects that reduce saliva. A lack of saliva can result in a chronically dry mouth, which can irritate the soft tissue. Update your medical history files at the dental office, to include all medications and any changes that occur in your health.

* Bridges that no longer fit properly, crooked, crowded teeth, or fillings that have become defective may hold plaque in place and increase the risk of developing periodontal disease.

* Puberty, pregnancy, and oral contraceptives change the body’s hormone levels. This can cause gum tissue to become more sensitive to toxins and enzymes and can accelerate growth of some bacteria.

* Genetics may play a role. Some patients may be predisposed to a more aggressive, severe type of periodontitis. Patients with a family history of tooth loss or those who have parents wearing dentures should pay particular attention to their gums.

* According to some studies, periodontal disease may be passed from parents to children and between couples. Research suggests that bacteria causing periodontal diseases are passed through saliva.